Federal Defenders of New York Second Circuit Blog

Objecting to evidence does not preserve the objection, according to the Second Circuit

In United States v. Stephen Buyer, No. 23-7202 (2d Cir. Mar. 19, 2025), the Second Circuit upholds the defendant’s trial convictions for securities fraud. This is a dense summary order, but let’s start with the ruling that jumps out. At trial, defendant objected to admission of a Cellebrite forensic cellphone report. The analyst who actually … Read more

Supreme Court takes Second Circuit case to decide if defendants can be constitutionally punished under both § 924(c) and § 924(j)

The Supreme Court has granted certiorari in Barrett v. United States, No. 24-5774, to decide if the Double Jeopardy Clause permits a court to impose separate sentences for an act that violates both 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) and § 924(j). The petition is available here. Section 924(c)(1)(A) is violated if someone, “during and in relation … Read more

Circuit overturns Nassau County Executive’s bribery convictions, but affirms his honest-services fraud convictions

In United States v. Linda Mangano and Edward Mangano, 2d Cir. No. 22-861 (L) (Feb. 13, 2025), the Court upheld the defendants’ convictions for honest-services fraud and obstruction of justice, but vacates Edward Mangano’s bribery-related convictions. We focus on that aspect of Judge Livingston’s thorough opinion. Edward Mangano was the County Executive of Nassau County … Read more

Panel affirms R. Kelly’s RICO and Mann Act convictions and 30-year prison sentence; Judge Sullivan objects to “windfall” restitution of brand-name medication for herpes-infected victim.

Judge Chin’s opinion in United-States-v.-Robert-Sylvester-Kelly, 2d Cir. No. 22-1481 (L) (Feb. 12, 2025), joined almost entirely by Judges Carney and Sullivan, affirms the singer R. Kelly’s conviction for RICO and Mann Act offenses, as well as his 30-year prison sentence and a restitution award of $300,668 to “Jane,” a minor whom Kelly infected with herpes … Read more

Circuit Holds a Search is Not a “Search”

Per the Second Circuit’s ruling today in United-States-v.-Poller (Parker, Bianco, Nardini), police may use a smartphone’s camera application to search inside a car with tinted windows without getting a warrant. Officers in Waterbury, CT, observed Christopher Poller possibly dealing drugs from his car.  After he left the car, they approached and tried to open a door … Read more

Second Circuit: 18 U.S.C. § 1546(a) Prohibits the Possession of Authentic Immigration Documents Obtained by Fraud, Not Just the Possession of Counterfeit Documents.

In United States v. Greenberg, Nos. 23-7168 and 23-7249 (2d Cir. Feb. 3, 2025) (per curiam), the Second Circuit (Walker, Robinson, Merriam, JJ.) held that 18 U.S.C. § 1546(a) (“Fraud and misuse of visa, permits and other documents”) prohibits the possession of authentic immigration documents that have been obtained by fraud, not just the possession … Read more

Gun suppressed: A heavy pocket could be a “paperback book” “critical of the government,” not a gun

Last week, Judge Morrison granted a motion to suppress a gun, holding that police didn’t have reasonable suspicion to seize or subsequently frisk a person stopped on the street in Brooklyn. United States v. Burvick, No. 23-CR-450 (NRM), 2025 WL 240976 (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 17, 2025). The lengthy opinion discusses and rejects some common police reasons … Read more

Second Circuit remands for clarification in “close” case involving denial of motion for compassionate release

In United States v. Castillo, No. 23-6229 (2d Cir. Jan. 15, 2025), a Second Circuit panel (Livingston, Calabresi, Merriam, JJ.) remanded for the district court to clarify its reasons for denying a compassionate release motion—or, in the alternative, to grant the motion. The defendant, 65-year-old Frank Smith Castillo, moved for compassionate release after serving more … Read more